Knee pain and osteoarthritis: diagnosis and treatment in Lisbon and Almada

Where it hurts and what it usually is

• At the front, around the kneecap: patellofemoral pain or patellar tendinopathy. Common in runners, people who climb a lot of stairs and active teenagers.

• On the inside of the knee: medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament or medial compartment osteoarthritis. Common in sportspeople after a twist, and from the age of 50.

• On the outside of the knee: iliotibial band syndrome, typical in runners and cyclists.

• All around the knee, with morning stiffness: knee osteoarthritis, especially from the age of 50 and with excess weight.

When to seek urgent help

• A hot, red, swollen knee, especially with fever.

• Being unable to put weight on the leg after a fall or twist.

• Rapid swelling in the first few hours after a sprain.

• A knee that "locks" and won't straighten.

Treatment

Exercise is the best-evidenced treatment for knee pain, including osteoarthritis. Depending on the case, the plan combines:

• Physiotherapy: strengthening the quadriceps and hip muscles, which control knee alignment, and retraining movement.

• Ultrasound-guided injections: hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or Arthrosamid®, chosen by the doctor according to the cause and stage of the condition. Ultrasound confirms the product ends up inside the joint.

• Movement analysis e custom insoles: when the knee "collapses inwards" when running or climbing stairs.

• Weight management: every kilo lost reduces the load on the knee with every step.

Frequently asked questions about knee pain

Do knee injections hurt?

They are done under local anaesthetic and ultrasound guidance, which makes the procedure quick and well tolerated. You can return to light activities the same day, unless advised otherwise.

What is the best injection for knee osteoarthritis?

It depends on the degree of osteoarthritis, your age and your activity. At the consultation the doctor explains the options, how many sessions are needed and what to expect from each.

I have osteoarthritis. Can I keep running or walking?

In most cases, yes. Well-dosed loading is part of the treatment. The plan adjusts your training volume to how the knee responds.

Will I need surgery?

Most people with knee pain improve without surgery. When surgery is the best option, the doctor will tell you and refer you to an orthopaedic surgeon.

Will my health insurance cover it?

We are a private practice, but most insurance policies with reimbursement cover will refund part of the cost. See how in Insurance and reimbursements.

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